HPV: A Q & A

Even though the Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine has been widely available for 18 years, we still receive many questions about it. At Diana Health, we want you to be educated so that you can make the best decisions for your health. 

What is the Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

Human papillomavirus is a virus that infects cells and then reproduces inside of the cells. These copies can then infect other cells. The body’s immune system usually clears the HPV infection before it causes serious problems. 

What is the purpose of the HPV vaccine?

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine decreases the risk of various types of cancers caused by certain types of HPV viruses. It also decreases the risk of getting genital warts. 

What types of cancer are largely caused by HPV?

Cancers that are often caused by HPV include cervical, vaginal, vulvar, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal (throat, tongue, tonsils). HPV causes the vast majority of all cervical cancers and the majority of vaginal, vulvar, and anal cancers.  

What are some of the factors that increase the risk of these cancers besides HPV?

Smoking, alcohol use, a weakened immune system, and chronic inflammation can all increase the risk of these cancers and may play an important role in their development. 

What are the different types of HPV Vaccines?

At Diana Health, we typically use Gardasil 9. It has 9 in its name because it provides protection against nine different types of HPV (6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58). There are other types of HPV vaccines such as the earlier version of Gardasil and Cervarix, but they protect against fewer types of HPV. 

What do you mean by different types of HPV viruses?

There are over 200 different types of papillomaviruses, each identified by a number (for example, HPV-6). They are typically categorized into high or low risk for causing cancer. Certain types are more likely to cause genital warts or other types of skin warts, and others are more likely to lead to cancer. Other types are more frequently cleared by the body’s natural defenses. 

What do I need to know about the vaccine?

The vaccine can be given to anyone ages 9-45, but is usually recommended for people under 26 years old. Pediatricians typically recommend that girls and boys get the vaccine around age 11-12, but talk to your child’s primary care provider to get their input. The vaccine works best when it is given before any sexual contact. When done so, it can decrease the risk of cancer and genital warts by up to 99%. It can still have a positive impact even if someone has been sexually active before getting the vaccine. 

Does the vaccine have side effects? 

The vaccine is safe and effective and can be given in a series of two or three shots, depending on age. Soreness and redness at the injection site are the most common side effects. 

Does getting the vaccine replace the need for cervical cancer screening?

No. We still recommend cervical cancer screening starting at age 21. After talking with our women’s health care professional, how often you get screened will be determined. Although the HPV vaccine significantly decreases the risk of cervical cancer screening, it isn’t 100%.

We know it can feel overwhelming, so we’re here to answer all your questions and support you. An informed you is an empowered you. Don’t hesitate to ask your provider more questions. Schedule a virtual or in-person visit today.